Lithium batteries for cars: understanding the different technologies

A hybrid car combines a combustion engine with a small electric motor. The lithium battery has a low capacity, generally less than 1 kWh, and cannot be recharged at a charging station. Its main role is to assist the combustion engine, particularly when starting off, in town or during acceleration.

This technology slightly reduces fuel consumption, but does not allow you to drive in 100% electric mode over long distances. It’s important to compare battery capacity and not rely solely on the term “hybrid”, which can cover very different technologies.

Plug-in hybrids offer an excellent compromise between urban use and long-distance travel. They are equipped with larger batteries, with a capacity of over 15 kWh, which can be recharged at a socket or terminal.

Thanks to this larger battery, these vehicles can run in all-electric mode for distances ranging from 30 to over 60 km, at urban and suburban speeds. They are ideal for daily commuting, while retaining the flexibility of the internal combustion engine for longer trips. Although their price is often higher, they represent a good choice for the transition to electric power.

Over the past few years, 100% electric cars have become increasingly popular, and are becoming an increasingly relevant option for consumers. The choice of an electric vehicle needs to be carefully considered in relation to your daily use, as the lithium battery accounts for 50-60% of the vehicle’s total cost.

Battery capacities vary considerably from model to model, but most vehicles on the market are equipped with 40 to 80 kWh batteries, offering an average range of around 300 km. This range is highly dependent on the model, driving style and road conditions.

The main advantage of 100% electric is the reduction in fuel and maintenance costs. Although the initial investment is higher, the long-term savings are significant.

The choice of an electric vehicle should be guided primarily by how you intend to use it:

• Hybrid (HEV ): For slight fuel savings in town, without recharging.
• Plug-in hybrid (PHEV): The ideal compromise for electric commuting and long trips when needed.
• 100% electric (BEV): For everyday use with an optimized maintenance and fuel budget, taking into account the range required.